Theories, models and frameworks

 

[Beginner] [Guide] [Video Available] [Academic Papers Available]

 

Active Implementation Hub

National Implementation Research Network

A searchable resource library on active implementation. Includes handouts, templates and learning modules on topics such as Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycles. Also provides online self-paced training modules.

USA

  

 

 

 

A Guide to Designing Interventions

The Behaviour Change Wheel

This page is dedicated to a book and eBook written by Susan Michie, Lou Atkins and Robert West. The book provides a practical guide on designing and evaluating behaviour change interventions and policies based on the Behaviour Change Wheel.

The website also includes an interactive graphic describing each aspect of the behaviour change wheel.

UK

 

 

Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Centre for Clinical Management Research

An overview of CFIR and related evidence. Best suited for individuals aiming to evaluate or design an implementation study. Also includes the CFIR-ERIC implementation strategy matching tool.

USA

 

 

 

Handbook on Implementation Science

Elgar Publishing

In Chapter 5 of the Handbook, Gillian Harvey and Alison Kitson explore the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, and provide examples of how the framework has been applied.

USA

 

 

 

Implementation Frameworks

Centre for Effective Services

An overview of seven leading frameworks, examples of where they have been used and links to further reading.

Frameworks include: The Quality Implementation Framework, Promoting Action on Implementation Research in Health Series (PARIHS), COM-B/Behaviour Change Wheel, RE-AIM, Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), Active Implementation Framework (AIF), and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Ireland

 

 

Knowledge to Action (KTA) Cycle

ACCORDS Research

A YouTube video of Dr. Ian Graham from the University of Ottawa describing the Knowledge to Action (KTA) cycle and how it was developed.

USA

 

 

 

Pick a theory, model or framework

University of Washington

This section of the W Implementation Science Resource Hub outlines schemas to help you orient implementation theories and frameworks, and three questions to help you choose the best TMF for your project or needs.

USA

 

 

 

 

Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) Toolkit

NoMAD study

A conceptual framework for understanding and evaluating the implementation of complex interventions in everyday work.

UK

 

 

 

The EPIS Implementation Framework

EPIS framework

An overview of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) Framework. Includes webinars and examples of EPIS in action.

USA

 

 

 

What is RE-AIM?

RE-AIM

A framework to help determine implementation science success. Includes: RE-AIM training modules, RE-AIM planning tool, dissemination planning tool, measures and checklists.

USA

• Atkins, L., Francis, J., Islam, R., O’Connor, D., Patey, A., Ivers, N., Foy, R., Duncan, E. M., Colquhoun, H., Grimshaw, J. M., Lawton, R., & Michie, S. (2017). A guide to using the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. Implementation science : IS, 12(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0605-9
• French, S. D., Green, S. E., O’Connor, D. A., McKenzie, J. E., Francis, J. J., Michie, S., Buchbinder, R., Schattner, P., Spike, N., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2012). Developing theory-informed behaviour change interventions to implement evidence into practice: a systematic approach using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Implementation science : IS, 7, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-38
• Graham, I. D., Logan, J., Harrison, M. B., Straus, S. E., Tetroe, J., Caswell, W., & Robinson, N. (2006). Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map?. The Journal of continuing education in the health professions, 26(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/chp.47
• Harvey, G., & Kitson, A. (2016). PARIHS revisited: from heuristic to integrated framework for the successful implementation of knowledge into practice. Implementation science : IS, 11, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0398-2
• Lynch, E. A., Mudge, A., Knowles, S., Kitson, A. L., Hunter, S. C., & Harvey, G. (2018). “There is nothing so practical as a good theory”: a pragmatic guide for selecting theoretical approaches for implementation projects. BMC health services research, 18(1), 857. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3671-z
• Michie, S., van Stralen, M. M., & West, R. (2011). The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implementation science : IS, 6, 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-6-42
• Michie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., Eccles, M. P., Cane, J., & Wood, C. E. (2013). The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6
• Moullin, J. C., Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Albers, B., Nilsen, P., Broder-Fingert, S., Mukasa, B., & Aarons, G. A. (2020). Ten recommendations for using implementation frameworks in research and practice. Implementation science communications, 1, 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00023-7
• Meyers, D. C., Durlak, J. A., & Wandersman, A. (2012). The quality implementation framework: a synthesis of critical steps in the implementation process. American journal of community psychology, 50(3-4), 462–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-012-9522-x
• Nilsen P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation science : IS, 10, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0
• Proctor, E. K., Powell, B. J., & McMillen, J. C. (2013). Implementation strategies: recommendations for specifying and reporting. Implementation science : IS, 8, 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-139